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ATCC? Number:30957?
Organism: Giardia intestinalis (Lambl) Alexeieff
Designations: WB
Isolation: duodenal aspirate, 30-year-old human male, Bethesda, MD, 1979
Depositors: FD Gillin
Biosafety Level:2
Shipped: frozen
Growth Conditions: ATCCmedium 2155: LYI Giardia Medium (filtered)Temperature: 35.0℃ Duration: axenic; anaerobic
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Comments: Localization of acid phosphatase activity [38263] Substrate specificity of two cysteine proteinases [4824] Sorting of cyst wall proteins [4842] Regulation of secretory vesicle formation [4865] Production of viable cysts [4626] Small-intestinal factors promote encystation [4706] Roles of bile, lactic acid, and pH in life cycle [4863] Comparison of methods for excystation [4928] Isoenzyme electrophoresis [4864] [4830] [4640] [5021] Restriction-endonuclease analysis of DNA [4720] Zymodemes and chromosomes of Giardia spp. [21701] Isolation of gene coding for major surface protein [21703] Presence and cellular distribution of a 60-KDA protein [21694] Structure/phylogeny of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes [21695] Excretory/secretory products [21704] Heterogeneity in strain karyotypes [21762] Susceptibility of domestic cats to infectious Giardia lamblia [4742] Purine nucleoside and nucleobase cell membrane transport [23808] Immunoelectron microscopy of cytoskeleton [23841] Killing by cryptdins and cationic neutrophil peptides [23858] Anti-giardial activity of gastrointestinal remedies [23876] A lipoprotein-cholesterol-albumin serum substitute [23882] killing by human milk [23967] Characterization of isolates from a waterbrone outbreak [5021] Mass cultivation [24013] Comparative studies on encystation [24014] The role of conjugated and unconjugated bile salts in killing by human milk [24032] Cyst-specific antigens [24053] Purine deoxynucleoside salvage [24054] Biliary lipids for serum-free growth [24062] Structure of a rRNA-encoding chromosomes [24091] Drug sensitivity, toxin production, and host immune response [24119] specific and common antigens [24125] Infectivity of cryopreserved cysts [24138] Inhibition of growth by difluoromethyl-ornithine [24153] Characterization of antigens [24166] Clones with distinct surface protein and antigenic profiles and differing infectivity and virulence [24206] Axenic culture and characterization [24210] Encystation-deficient subline [24214] Ingestion by murine macrophages [24238] species description [20948]
Related Items: purified DNA:ATCC30957D
Cross References: Nucleotide (GenBank) : AF005078 translation initiation factor 2 gamma subunit, eIF-2 gamma gene, partial coding sequenceNucleotide (GenBank) : U12337 Giardia lamblia WB inorganic pyrophosphate-linked phosphofructokinase (GLPFK) gene, complete cds.Nucleotide (GenBank) : U19901 Giardia lamblia putative adenylate kinase gene, complete cds.Nucleotide (GenBank) : AF067402 DNA polymerase alpha gene sequence, partial coding sequenceNucleotide (GenBank) : M63966 Giardia lamblia variant-specific surface protein 1267 (vsp1267) gene, complete cds.Nucleotide (GenBank) : U10907 Giardia lamblia WB putative surface antigen gene, partial cds.Nucleotide (GenBank) : U24238 Giardia lamblia (ENC1) mRNA, complete cds.Nucleotide (GenBank) : X60427 G.lamblia telomere DNA containing truncated rRNA large subunit gene.Nucleotide (GenBank) : U24239 Giardia lamblia (ENC6) mRNA, complete cds.Nucleotide (GenBank) : U42428 Giardia lamblia caltractin (CAL) gene, complete cds.
Classification: KINGDOM: Archeozoa
References: 4626: Schupp DG, et al. Production of viable Giardia cysts in vitro: determination by fluorogenic dye staining, excystation, and animal infectivity in the mouse and Mongolian gerbil. Gastroenterology 95: 1-10, 1988. PubMed: 3286359 4640: Abaza SM, et al. Isoenzyme profiles of four strains of Giardia lamblia and their infectivity to jirds. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 44: 63-68, 1991. PubMed: 1996742 4706: Gillin FD, et al. Small-intestinal factors promote encystation of Giardia lamblia in vitro. Infect. Immun. 56: 705-707, 1988. PubMed: 3343054 4720: Nash TE, et al. Restriction-endonuclease analysis of DNA from 15 Giardia isolates obtained from humans and animals. J. Infect. Dis. 152: 64-73, 1985. PubMed: 2409186 4723: van Keulen H, et al. Cloning and restriction enzyme mapping of ribosomal DNA of Giardia duodenalis, Giardia ardeae and Giardia muris. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 46: 275-284, 1991. PubMed: 1922199 4742: Kirkpatrick CE, Green GA. Susceptibility of domestic cats to infections with Giardia lamblia cysts and trophozoites from human sources. J. Clin. Microbiol. 21: 678-680, 1985. PubMed: 3998096 4824: Werries E, et al. Purification and substrate specificity of two cysteine proteinases of Giardia lamblia. J. Protozool. 38: 378-383, 1991. PubMed: 1787424 4830: Moss DM, et al. Isoenzyme comparison of axenic Giardia lamblia strains. J. Protozool. 39: 559-564, 1992. PubMed: 1522537 4842: Reiner DS, et al. Sorting of cyst wall proteins to a regulated secretory pathway during differentiation of the primitive eukaryote, Giardia lamblia. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 53: 142-153, 1990. PubMed: 2076701 4863: Gillin FD, et al. Giardia lamblia: the roles of bile, lactic acid, and pH in the completion of the life cycle in vitro. Exp. Parasitol. 69: 164-174, 1989. PubMed: 2753120 4864: Campbell SR, et al. Giardia sp.: comparison of electrophoretic karyotypes. Exp. Parasitol. 71: 470-482, 1990. PubMed: 2226707 4865: Faubert G, et al. Giardia lamblia: regulation of secretory vesicle formation and loss of ability to reattach during encystation in vitro. Exp. Parasitol. 72: 345-354, 1991. PubMed: 2026212 4928: Isaac-Renton JL, et al. Comparison of an in vitro method and an in vivo method of Giardia excystation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 1530-1533, 1992. PubMed: 1622221 5021: Isaac-Renton JL, et al. Characterization of Giardia duodenalis isolates from a waterborne outbreak. J. Infect. Dis. 167: 431-440, 1993. PubMed: 8421176 20948: Kirkpatrick CE, et al. Biochemical characterization of some raptor trypanosomes. II. Enzymes studies with a description of Trypanosoma bennetti new species. Can. J. Zool. 64: 195-203, 1986. 21694: Soltys BJ, Gupta RS. Presence and cellular distribution of a 60-KDA protein related to mitochondrial HSP60 in Giardia lamblia. J. Parasitol. 80: 580-590, 1994. PubMed: 7914923 21695: Rozario C, et al. Primary structure and phylogenetic relationships of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes of free-living and parasitic diplomonad flagellates. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 43: 330-340, 1996. PubMed: 8768438 21701: Wallis PM, et al. Prevalence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts and characterization of Giardia spp. isolated from drinking water in Canada. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 2789-2797, 1996. PubMed: 8702271 21703: Gillin FD, et al. Isolation and expression of the gene for a major surface protein of Giardia lamblia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 4463-4467, 1990. PubMed: 2352929 21704: Nash TE, et al. Excretory-secretory products of Giardia lamblia. J. Immunol. 131: 2004-2010, 1983. PubMed: 6619547 21762: Ong C, et al. Studies of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in two adjacent watersheds. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 2798-2805, 1996. PubMed: 8702272 23808: Baum KF, et al. Purine nucleoside and nucleobase cell membrane transport in Giardia lamblia. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 40: 643-649, 1993. PubMed: 8401476 23841: Soltys BJ, Gupta RS. Immunoelctron microscopy of Giardia lamblia cytoskeleton using antibody to acetylated gamma-tubulin. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 41: 625-632, 1994. PubMed: 7866386 23858: Aley SB, et al. Killing of Giardia lamblia by cryptdins and cationic neutrophil peptides. Infect. Immun. 62: 5397-5403, 1994. PubMed: 7960119 23876: Johns T, et al. Anti-giardial activity of gastroinstestihnal remedies of the Luo of East Africa. J. Ethnopharmacol. 46: 17-23, 1995. PubMed: 7475119 23882: Reiner DS, et al. A lipoprotein-cholesterol-albumin serum substitute stimulates Giardia lamblia encystation vesicle formation. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 42: 622-627, 1995. PubMed: 7581338 23905: McCabe RE, et al. In vitro model of attachment of Giardia intestinalis trophozoites to EIC-6 cells, an intestinal cell line. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35: 29-35, 1991. PubMed: 1901700 23944: Bell CA, et al. Structure-activity relationships of pentamidine analogs against Giardia lamblia and correlation of antigardial activity with DNA-building affinity. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35: 1099-1107, 1991. PubMed: 1929249 23967: Gillin FD, et al. Human milk kills parasitic intestinal protozoa. Science 221: 1290-1292, 1983. PubMed: 6310751 24013: Wieder SC, et al. Mass cultivation of Giardia lamblia in a serum-free medium. J. Parasitol. 69: 1181-1182, 1983. PubMed: 6674471 24014: Campbell JD, Faubert GM. Comparative studies on Giardia lamblia encystation in vitro and in vivo. J. Parasitol. 80: 36-44, 1994. PubMed: 8308656 24032: Gillin FD. Giardia lamblia: the role of conjugated and unconjugated bile salts in killing by human milk. Exp. Parasitol. 63: 74-83, 1987. PubMed: 3803534 24053: Reiner DS, et al. Identification and localization of cyst-specific antigens of Giardia lamblia. Infect. Immun. 57: 963-968, 1989. PubMed: 2917795 24054: Baum KF, et al. Purine deoxynucleoside salvage in Giardia lamblia. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 21087-21090, 1989. PubMed: 2480350 24062: Gillin FD, et al. Biliary lipids support serum-free growth of Giardia lamblia. Infect. Immun. 53: 641-645, 1986. PubMed: 3744557 24080: Reiner DS, Gillin FD. Human secretory and serum antibodies recognize environmentally induced antigens of Giardia lamblia. Infect. Immun. 60: 637-643, 1992. PubMed: 1730497 24091: Hou G, et al. Structure of a frequently rearranged rRNA-encoding chromosome in Giardia lamblia. Nucleic Acids Res. 23: 3310-3317, 1995. PubMed: 7667108 24119: Smith PD, et al. Chronic giardiasis: studies on drug sensitivity, toxin production, and host immune response. Gastroenterology 83: 797-803, 1982. PubMed: 7106510 24123: Moss DM, et al. Antigenic variation of Giardia lamblia in the feces of Mongolian gerbils. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28: 254-257, 1990. PubMed: 2312672 24125: Torian BE, et al. Specific and common antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis detected by monoclonal antibodies. Infect. Immun. 43: 270-275, 1984. PubMed: 6360900 24138: Dickerson JW, et al. Infectivity of cryopreserved Giardia cysts for Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). J. Parasitol. 77: 688-691, 1991. PubMed: 1919914 24153: Gillin FD, et al. Inhibition of growth of Giardia lamblia by difluoromethylornithine, a specific inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis. J. Protozool. 31: 161-163, 1984. PubMed: 6330350 24166: Moss DM, et al. Purification and characterization of Giardia lamblia antigens in the feces of Mongolian gerbils. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29: 21-26, 1991. PubMed: 1704383 24206: Udezulu IA, et al. Isolation of two Giardia lamblia (WB strain) clones with distinct surface protein and antigenic profiles and differing infectivity and virulence. Infect. Immun. 60: 2274-2280, 1992. PubMed: 1587594 24210: Erlandsen SL, et al. Axenic culture and characterization of Giardia ardeae from the great blue heron (Ardea herodias). J. Parasitol. 76: 717-724, 1990. PubMed: 2213415 24214: Reiner DS, et al. Giardia lamblia: absence of cyst antigens and reduced secretory vesicle formation and bile salt uptake in an encystation-deficient subline. Exp. Parasitol. 77: 461-472, 1993. PubMed: 7504633 24238: Hill DR, Pohl R. Ingestion of Giardia lamblia trophozoites by murine Peyer's patch macrophages. Infect. Immun. 58: 3202-3207, 1990. PubMed: 2401561 33108: Meng TC, et al. Inhibition of Giardia lamblia excystation by antibodies against cyst walls and by wheat germ agglutinin. Infect. Immun. 64: 2151-2157, 1996. PubMed: 8675320 38263: Feely DE, Dyer JK. Localization of acid phosphatase activity in Giardia lamblia and Giardia muris trophozoites. J. Protozool. 34: 80-83, 1987. 38878: Keeling PJ, et al. Evolutionary relationship between translation initiation factor eIF-2gamma and selenocysteine-specific elongation factor SELB: change of function in translation factors. J. Mol. Evol. 47: 649-655, 1998. PubMed: 9847405 38879: Edgell DR, et al. Evidence of independent gene duplications during the evolution of archael and eukaryotic family B DNA polymerases. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15: 1207-1217, 1998. PubMed: 9729885 44270: Sousa MC, Poiares-Da-Silva J. A new method for assessing metronidazole susceptibility of Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43: 2939-2942, 1999. PubMed: 10582886 52025: Sousa MC, et al. Adherence of Giardia lamblia trophozoites to Int-407 human intestinal cells. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8: 258-265, 2001. PubMed: 11238205 55523: Perez PF, et al. Inhibition of Giardia intestinalis by extracellular factors from Lactobacilli: an in vitro study. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 5037-5042, 2001. PubMed: 11679323 70337: Archibald JM, et al. Origin and evolution of eukaryotic chaperonins: phylogenetic evidence for ancient duplications in CCT genes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 1456-1466, 2000. PubMed: 11018153 70356: Arguello-Garcia A, et al. Sequential exposure and assembly of cyst wall filaments on the surface of encysting Giardia duodenalis. Parasitology 125: 209-219, 2002. PubMed: 12358418 70764: Yang H-W, et al. Characterization of two glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes in Giardia lamblia. Parasitol. Res. 88: 646-650, 2002. PubMed: 12107457 70794: Sousa MC, Poiares-da-Silva J. The cytotoxic effects of ciprofloxacin in Giardia lamblia trophozoites. Toxicol. In Vitro 15: 297-301, 2001. PubMed: 11566552

Localization of acid phosphatase activity  [38263] Substrate specificity of two cysteine proteinases  [4824] Sorting of cyst wall proteins  [4842] Regulation of secretory vesicle formation  [4865] Production of viable cysts  [4626] Small-intestinal factor